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![]() ![]() The females generally remain in their burrow, while the males wander looking for them, generally in late summer to early winter. Mouse spiders are rather lethargic and rarely aggressive. Studies have shown the funnel-web spider antivenom to be effective for mouse spider envenomation and because it is sometimes difficult to tell the two species apart, the bites should be treated with the same precaution. Their venom is similar to the funnel-web spiders, although no deaths have been attributed to them only one case of severe envenomation has been recorded. There are eight species of mouse spider found all across Australia and they’re typically found in burrows, often near rivers or waterways, and can occasionally be found in suburban areas. ( Missulena sp.) Image credit: shutterstock Redback venom is effective against these bites. Envenomation can cause various effects, but the main symptom is severe and persistent pain – which can last hours to days depending on the person’s sensitivity to the venom – and may include nausea, malaise and lethargy.Ĭupboard spiders ( Steatoda sp.) are often mistaken for redbacks and they produce similar symptoms, though their venom is less potent. Their venom affects the nervous system, which is potentially dangerous for humans, but their small fangs make many of the bites ineffective. Most serious bites are from the female redback spider, which measures about 1cm long (bigger than males) and is recognisable by the well-known red stripe on its back, from which it gains its name. No deaths have been recorded since redback antivenom became available in the 1950s. Numbers of redback spider bites are uncertain, but about 2000 are reported each year and about 250 people receive antivenom. They often hide in dry, sheltered places such as garden sheds, mailboxes and under toilet seats. Redback spiders are found throughout Australia, in many habitats, including urban areas. ( Latrodectus hasselti) Image credit: shutterstock One in six bites causes a severe reaction, but since the antivenom has been made available, in 1981, no fatalities have been recorded. Their venom has a compound that can attack the human nervous system and alter the functioning of all organs and, when coming from a male, can kill. Though just 1.5-3.5cm big, the Sydney Funnel-web has fangs larger than a brown snake’s and so powerful they can even pierce through nails and toenails. ![]() They can wander in backyards and sometimes fall into swimming pools, and though they’re not often encountered, they can be quite aggressive when threatened. With highly toxic venom produced in large amounts and large fangs to inject it, the Sydney funnel-web is without a doubt the deadliest spider in Australia, and possibly the world.įound in New South Wales, in forests as well as populated urban areas, they burrow in humid sheltered places. ( Atrax robustus) Image credit: shutterstock ![]() Related: This is why you should love spidersĪustralia’s 10 most dangerous spiders 1. When injected to a horse, for instance, spider venom triggers the animal’s immune system to produce antibodies to fight the effect of the toxin. Spider venom is designed for small prey and delivered in small quantities that, while often fatal to tiny creatures, can be handled by bigger organisms. Spider venom contains a cocktail of chemicals, some of which can be harmful to humans – but humans are not really the intended victims. It is only administered when the envenomation is really severe, which is rarely the case. He points out the extent of our irrational fear of spiders: “While we all still happily get in our cars (about 1000 people die each year in car crashes), then we can’t really worry about spiders.”Īntivenom for two of our more dangerous spiders, the funnel-web and the redback has been available since the 1950s and 1981, respectively. “There are more deaths from allergic reactions to bees” says Dr Geoff Isbister, a researcher specialised in envenoming at the University of Newcastle. In fact, spiders are less life-threatening than snakes or sharks, or even bees. But even though spiders live around us, from our urban centres to the bush, bites are infrequent. Spiders are the most widely distributed venomous creatures in Australia, with an estimated 10,000 species inhabiting a variety of ecosystems. Shop now Australian spiders less dangerous than bees ![]() You can see the above with str.atobin(), the scanning stops after the leave 10 since 2 is not a binary digit. ![]() In this example, the string "1024" is converted into various integral data types. It returns zero if no digits were encountered. The conversion scans all leading digits and underscore characters ( _ ) and stops as soon as it encounters any other character or the end of the string. SystemVerilog string methods allow you to convert strings to a int, hex, binary or real data type. The resulting circuit is a purely combinational circuit (the code could have been written linearly, without using a for loop, but it would have been much longer).SystemVerilog Convert string to int, hex or binary number ¶ Continue doing this until you reach the most significant digit (MSB - the leftmost one). Note the for loop does not directly describe a circuit – rather, it describes how the circuit components that will do the required shifting and adding are to be assembled. Step 2: Starting with the least significant digit (LSB - the rightmost one), multiply the digit by the value of the position. ![]() Here, a for loop is used to make the code more compact. Verilog code to implement the double-dabble is shown below. An illustration of the double-dabble algorithm The figure below illustrates the process (the blue boxes around BCD digits show BCD digits that are >=5, and therefore need 3 to be added). Adding three to any BCD digit greater than five does two things: first, at the next shift, the 3 that was added becomes 6, and that accounts for the difference in binary and BCD codes (BCD uses 10 binary codes, and binary uses 16) and second, adding 3 forces the MSB of the BCD digit to a 1, where it is “carried out” and into the next digit. Since BCD digits cannot exceed nine, a pre-shift number of five or more would result in a post-shift number of ten or more, which cannot be represented. This works because every left shift multiplies all BCD digits by two. Could anybody tell me how to hold an unsigned decimal value in verilog my algorithm for the code is as below: module converter (A, B, CLK) input A input CLK output 3:0 B real j 12 reg 3:0 quotient integer count reg 3:0 z always (posedge CLK) if (A) for (count0 count < 4 count count + 1) begin quotient count < j / 2 z. After every shift, all BCD digits are examined, and 3 is added to any BCD digit that is currently 5 or greater. The binary number is left-shifted once for each of its bits, with bits shifted out of the MSB of the binary number and into the LSB of the accumulating BCD number. The “double dabble” algorithm is commonly used to convert a binary number to BCD. Twos complement negative numbers would want to be converted to signed magnitude first, any sign prepended. double dabble), taking each BCD digit in sequence and adding x'30. (as opposed to simulation) you need to do the conversion with a. Binary to ASCII can be done for signed magnitude binary values using binary to BCD conversion (e.g. module bcd ( input 7:0 binary, output reg 3:0 hundreds, output reg 3:0 tens, output reg 3:0 ones. For explanation about the algorithm refer to this link. The following code do the conversion of a 8 bit binary number to a BCD equivalent. module bcd2binĪssign bin = (bcd3 * 10'd1000) + (bcd2* 7'd100) + (bcd1* 4'd10) + bcd0 If youre trying to do decimal conversion to and from binary in hardware. I will implement in verilog, but I dont know the method of converting hex to bcd in a prog language. The Verilog code below illustrates converting a 4-digit BCD number to it’s binary equivalent. To find the binary equivalent, each BCD digit is multiplied by its weighted magnitude: 9 x 10^2 + 8 * 10^1 + 7 * 10^0, or 9 * 100 + 8 * 10+ 7 * 1. Consider the BCD number 987, stored as three 4-bit BCD codes: 1001 for 9 (digit 2), 1000 for 8 (digit 1), and 0111 for 7 (digit 0). Each BCD digit in a given number contributes a magnitude equal to the digit multiplied by its weight, and each digit’s weight is equal to 10 raised to the power of the digit’s position in the number. The third solution -> all bits change to not and Finally, they are added to the number one (3b000 3b0) module. module ca2 (input 2:0 ai,output reg 2:0 fo) always (ai 2:0 or fo 2:0) begin fo 3b000 - ai end endmodule. ![]() BCD numbers are representations of decimal (base 10) numbers, and like all modern number systems, BCD numbers use positional weighting. The second solution -> In binary numbers, if we subtract the number from zero, we get twos complement. ![]() ![]() Knowing how to spell is essential for any line of work. Also, your audience may look up to you for having strong spelling abilities. Demonstrating your mastery of spelling has several benefits. When you scrutinize your texts, you won't have to fear reproach by your professor, boss, or colleagues. Obsessing over one paper for days likely isn’t the most profitable use of your time. Our online checker can save you editing time: with just a few clicks you can correct all mistakes that slipped into your text. You have to proofread everything, but you may not have the time to do so. If you have to write lengthy business reports, poring through every work you produce can be time-consuming and worrisome. Good spelling and grammar will allow people to focus more on your ideas and stories. Remember that people are drawn to winners and success. As a writer, deliver your message from a position of power and not from one of weakness. Writing mistakes may cause people to doubt that authority. It's crucial to establish authority if you write for a living. New vocabulary enables you to express your thoughts better and explore different perspectives.Ī larger vocabulary also increases your writing confidence and reduces common mistakes. When you start proofreading your texts, you'll learn how to spell new words properly as you go along. Checking yourself is the quickest way to improve your audience’s attention and interest. Your reader may not even want to continue reading your paper if errors are present. The last thing you want is to be criticized for your poor grammar and spelling. When trying to convince your reader of a specific point, your primary concern is to get your message received and understood. If you write for a living or write many papers for college, flawless grammar and spelling are essential. But there are many other benefits of using a proofreading tool. Colorful underlined prompts will point out spelling errors, grammar suggestions, or style suggestions.īeing able to write without worrying about mistakes can be freeing. Just type the words you want to check into the text field and click one of the two buttons underneath to get started. Your information is safe and secure (text is never cached in our servers), and you get your results almost immediately. First, no software installation is required. Using our online editor benefits you in several ways. In a hurry? Use our online grammar and spell checker, and in a minute, you'll be certain that you're putting out quality material for your readers. Take a look at our infographics and blog for easy but detailed explanations of even hard-to-grasp topics. Whatever the case, we can help you prevent those errors. And if you’re a student, English errors result in low marks. Off the clock, communication problems lead to distrust and misunderstandings. Many studies have proven that poor communication on the job causes bad impressions, errors, delays, and lost clients or deals. Hence, poor grammar can affect your career. We believe the ideas expressed are more important, but these ideas may not reach anyone if they're delivered messily. The Danger of Bad GrammarĮven in these days of text speak, 120-character thoughts, and casual blogging, grammar and spelling still count. If you have to edit your own work, our automated proofreading tool is your new best friend. If you work with an editor, little blips aren't that important. Yes, even expert writers sometimes get tripped up over the details of English. That's why proofreading is absolutely critical in ensuring your work is perfect. But let's face it, even native English speakers are prone to silly mistakes. Teachers and instructors expect your papers to be error-free. Our online spelling and grammar checker will answer those questions and (hopefully) help you gain more confidence in your writing. Is it bad to end a sentence with a preposition? Are there hard and fast rules for when to use who, that, or which? Where do the comma and apostrophe go?Īll these questions and more can plague both amateur and professional writers. And like many others, you've probably forgotten much of what you learned. Like most people, you probably learned the basic rules of grammar in school. ![]() Since there are different pieces of functionality that are best handled in C++ or in Blueprints, here are some examples of how C++ programmers and Blueprint authors can work Complexity of expression is another reason a crowd system wouldīe better to implement in C++ code than in Blueprints. Those things are better kept in C++ than in Blueprints, just because they're easier to look at and figure out what's going on. are all very complex, and aren't easy to follow in a visual system. Operating on large sets of data, doing string manipulation, complex math over large data sets, etc. Blueprints do a lot of things well, but some things are just not veryĮasy to express in nodes. ![]() To handle decision making, pathing, and other crowd functionality in C++, and then maybe expose some tweaking parameters and controlling functions to Blueprints.įor complexity of expression, there are just some things that are easier to do in C++ than in Blueprints. If your profiling shows that one operation is taking a lot of time in Blueprints, consider moving just that section into C++, while keeping the rest in Blueprints.Īn example of a system that would take a lot of time to execute if done with Blueprint visual scripting is a crowd system that controls a thousand Actors In this case, it would be better for performance If you have a Blueprint that has a lot of functionality, you can push some of that functionality into C++ to speed it up, but keep the rest in Blueprints to retain the flexibility. However, it is possible to combine the two in the way that works best for your team and your project's performance. That's not to say performance is bad, but if you're doing something that requires a lot of calculations, or operatesĪt a high frequency, it might be better to use C++ instead of Blueprints. Where that would enable a more concise expression of the functionality (or it becomes too complex for a non-programmer), or speed of execution dictates a move to C++.įor speed, the fact is that Blueprint execution is slower than C++ execution. A good practice to follow would be to use Blueprints extensively, and then push things into C++ as they reach a complexity So they move that chunk of functionality into a new C++ function. ![]() At Epic,Ī lot of the workflow is that content creators will make a very complex Blueprint, and a programmer can see how they can compress a lot of that work into C++ by coding a new Blueprint node, We expect people to fall somewhere in the middle. In contrast, if you have a lot of programmers, they're probably keen to keep things in C++. If you have many more artists than programmers, you'll probably have significantly There are two driving considerations when deciding to use C++ or Blueprints:īeyond those two factors, a lot of it comes down to the complexity of the game, and the composition of the team. The kableExtra package is also compatible with LaTeX. If you are using a PDF format (common in math, physics, theoretical statistics and other math-heavy fields), you can write LaTeX code directly in Quarto, which means you can write tables using any of the LaTeX packages you want. HTML has the special power to generate interactive tables using packages like and. The kableExtra package is basically an extension of kable to have a lot of Extra features for making nicer tables. R has many packages for generating HTML tables, including the easy-to-use kableExtra. Any table you can see on the internet is made with HTML (and sometimes CSS and JavaScript). HTML is the most flexible format for generating tables. ![]() Because they generate Markdown text from code, they should work with Quarto regardless of the output format you use. Both of these are decently customizable and work well for a lot of cases. ![]() Remember that Quarto runs on Markdown, so the simplest option is to use a Markdown table.Īlthough you can make those by hand, you shouldn’t! There are a few functions that can make simple Markdown tables for you, including knitr::kable(), and pander::pandoc.table(). However, tables are not so easy – because they consist of just text and grid lines (usually), they need to be converted into a specific format for Quarto to use, and the best format to use depends on what output you need Quarto to produce. Visualizations are somewhat easy for Quarto to use, because they are always some type of image file (PNG, JPEG, etc.). Of course, if all you need is a simple contigency table, the table() function works quite well, although the result will not look very nice in your Quarto output. However, the table() function has very limited uses, and basically only works for simple contingency tables. Since you already learned about the plot() function, you might think the table() function can help you get started in base R. If you want to see some nice R-produced tables, you can check out the Posit community table gallery or the R graph gallery table section. In addition to being reproducible, making your tables with R and using them in Quarto solves one extremely frustrating problem: if your table is reproducible with code, whenever you update your data or analysis, you can rerun the code to get a new table, instead of recalculating all the cells by hand and typing them into a word document again! While the R ecosystem for making tables is less mature than the data visualization ecosystem, there are many packages for making both simple and publication-ready reproducible tables. Whatever the case is, you will need to make tables with your data at some point in your life. Examples include “Table 1” in epidemiology papers, containing demographic statistics univariate summary statistics and some contingency tables.
![]() ![]() As players progress in the game, they can improve their starter house by adding new rooms, creating external farms, or even upgrading the entire structure with better materials. Expandability: A good starter house is not only functional but also capable of accommodating future expansions and upgrades.This function is especially crucial for beginners, as they are more prone to experience accidents and losses in survival mode. Respite and resurrection point: A bed inside the starter house not only offers a place to rest but also sets a player’s respawn point in case of death.A starter house serves precisely this purpose, allowing players to store their items, craft tools, and cook food securely. Essential structures and storage: A newcomer to Minecraft needs a safe space to place essential structures such as crafting tables, furnaces, and chests.A well-lit and closed-off starter house protects players from these threats, ensuring they can rest and recuperate without unexpected encounters. ![]() Safety from mobs: During nighttime in Minecraft, hostile mobs like zombies, skeletons, and spiders spawn in the darkness.The following points highlight the significance of starter houses in survival mode: Importance of Starter Houses in Minecraft Survival ModeĪ well-constructed starter house plays a crucial role in Minecraft survival mode, as it offers shelter and security during the critical first nights. Moreover, these structures should have the essentials such as a bed, furnace, and crafting table to support essential in-game activities. Starter houses are typically simple in design and make use of readily available resources like wood and cobblestone. The primary purpose of these starter homes is to provide protection from various threats, such as mobs and adverse weather conditions. In the world of Minecraft, a starter house is a basic structure that players construct at the beginning of a new game, particularly in survival mode. By examining designs inspired by different architectural styles and materials, players can find the perfect fit for their unique gaming needs and preferences. The best Minecraft starter houses range from simple, minimalist structures to elaborate domiciles with advanced features.Īs a helpful resource for all Minecraft enthusiasts, this article dives into some of the top-starter house ideas suitable for players with varying degrees of gameplay experience. However, the key to building the perfect house lies in striking a balance between functionality and aesthetics while keeping the resources at hand in mind. A well-designed starter house not only provides security and essential facilities but also enriches the overall gaming experience for both new and experienced players.Ĭonsidering the wide array of options available, settling on the ideal starter home design might be a daunting task for many. One fundamental aspect of the game is creating a base for oneself – a safe haven, commonly referred to as a starter house. You might also consider adding other rooms for enchanting gear or creating potions rather than building a brand new home to accommodate – this is totally up to you.Minecraft, a game filled with infinite possibilities, attracts players with its creative building potential and limitless adventures. Whether you want something small and basic or an underground base that will keep you safe from the monsters at night, there are plenty of Minecraft starter house designs to choose from. Minecraft can be a lot of fun, and it’s always exciting to start your world with a new home. You could also add other little rooms for places to enchant your gear and to create useful potions. It’s perfect for those who want a small, but attractive home that is going to provide a decent-sized space for all their belongings. ![]() Take a look at this oak starter house design. ![]() I think this old chestnut comes up because of the way historians have dealt with alchemy in the last hundred years or so. Why should we interest ourselves in it today? Most people would say that alchemy is just an old and outmoded form of chemistry. I hesitate to say that the alchemical process can work either on the material or on the spiritual level, because in one sense, in alchemy, they are completely integrated! In a way, alchemy is about the process of creation itself: how does one thing become another? How do things change state? How can we change our state of being? And can we, as so-called conscious human beings, learn how to make those changes? So, another way to put it is that alchemy is a way of using the life force to effect transformation, whether that’s on the physical, external level, or in a spiritual way. However, that is too simplistic, according to the ways in which the tradition of alchemy has been practised and understood over hundreds, even thousands, of years. In its most basic definition, it’s the transformation of base material or metal into gold. Maybe we could start by a brief definition of what you think alchemy is.Ĭ.G. The Red Dragon: the release of the three forces in the alchemical fire, from the Ripley Scroll 1490 Alchemy and Transformation Here follows the discussion which I had with Richard Smoley, slightly shortened: Perhaps this was a task given to me to undertake, rather than one I directly chose myself. I do not consider myself an alchemist, in the usual sense, and yet undeniably, we have a close relationship. (You will find it also as The Elements of Alchemy and Explore Alchemy, which I thought would be its last incarnation in 2007, but then suddenly Harper Collins decided they wished to re-publish the original 1984 version.) Surely the tricksy but ultimately helpful hand of Hermes has played a part in this somehow? Yes, I’m sure he did, since the publishers ‘forgot’ to tell me they were doing this, until just before it hit the shelves! And I am still proud to have produced an accessible, clear and reliable history of alchemy, while imbuing it with some meaning, rather than a dry recitation of the facts. ![]() And I got it done – somehow.Īlchemy: The Great Work came out in 1984, and, rather mysteriously, it has never been out of print since, weaving its way through different publishers, titles and editions. I used my own experience of working within genuine traditions to discern where integrity and value lay. I had to go for the jugular, as it were I couldn’t afford to waste time on peripheral material. However, I gritted my teeth, and learnt a valuable lesson – to use my own judgement. But my dreams of swiftly assembling a dazzlingly coherent study of alchemy were dashed when I saw just how complex and contradictory its history was. Luckily, they had a good collection of texts, to be supplemented by other books that I could lay my hands on. Armed only with blind confidence, I sallied forth to our local University Library in Exeter, to assemble my source material. Alchemy was on the list, but an author had let him down, and now he needed someone who could write it in six months. (Bob) Gilbert was lacking a script for a series currently being produced by the Aquarian Press, grandly entitled ‘Esoteric Themes and Perspectives’. Very, as it turned out! Commissioning editor R. So how hard could it be, I asked myself, when I was invited to write a short history of alchemy? Frances Yates was just emerging as a scholar who could piece some of this together. Of course, I came across alchemy when I began to devour material about these traditions, and I could see that there was a broad field of interrelated practices of a so-called ‘esoteric’ nature. Tarot was another tradition which I engaged with, and I began to learn and practice astrology. I had followed a path since my student days which primarily taught me about Kabbalah and the Tree of Life, and included Buddhist and Western meditation practices. My personal story with alchemy is an odd one, in that I never set out to study it or write about it. This discussion helped me to piece together my own thoughts about alchemy. It was published in the Australian journal ‘New Dawn’, and I’ve adapted it here for Cherry’s Cache. In 2015, author and editor Richard Smoley and I conducted a conversation about the whys and wherefores of alchemy. It’s spiced up with some glorious alchemical illustrations which I hope will light your path through it. From ‘Splendor Solis’, attributed to Salomon Trismosin, c.1582īefore we head into Christmas, I’d like to offer a further post on alchemy which gives some background to this very mysterious and enigmatic practice. When Holt and the Medici troupe learn that Vandevere intends to have Dumbo's mother euthanized and that it is no longer safe for the two elephants to live with them, they make plans to free both of them. Jumbo's exhibit to be shuttered to secure his sterling reputation. Annoyed by Dumbo's disobedience and fearing the possibility of his mother becoming a distraction to him, Vandevere fires the Medici troupe and orders Mrs. Hearing his mother's response to his call and realizing that she was placed in an exhibit at Dreamland called Nightmare Island after being sold, he flies out of the circus ring and reunites with her, greatly disappointing the audience. Vandevere, the wealthy owner of the Bohemian amusement park Dreamland, approaches Medici and proposes a collaboration: If Medici becomes Vandevere's business partner, the Medici Brothers' Circus' troupe will permanently be employed to perform at Dreamland, solving their financial problems.ĭumbo's debut performance at Dreamland with Vandevere's star performer, French trapeze artist Colette Marchant, quickly goes wrong when he nearly falls off a high platform and starts trumpeting in panic after realizing that there is no safety net available to prevent possible injuries and fatalities. The audience is astounded, and word of his talent begins to spread. Milly delivers a feather to Dumbo, giving him the confidence to fly to safety. Holt's son and daughter, Joe and Milly Farrier, comfort Dumbo and discover that he can fly by flapping his ears and that feathers benefit his willingness to fly.ĭumbo is then forced to play the role of a firefighter clown tasked to put out a fire with water sprayed from his trunk, but the performance goes awry, and Dumbo is trapped on a high platform surrounded by flames. Anticipating public outrage over the incident, Medici sells Mrs. Jumbo, angered by her son's mistreatment, rampages into the ring, causing extensive damage, collapsing the big top, and accidentally killing Rufus, a handler who antagonizes her. However, the calf accidentally reveals his ears in his debut performance in Joplin, Missouri, and the crowd laughs and mockingly calls the calf "Dumbo" while pelting him with peanuts and other objects. She gives birth to a calf with unusually large ears, and Medici orders Holt to hide them, fearing how the public might react to such a deformity. After Holt reveals that he lost his arm in the Battle of the Argonne, Medici instead hires him as the caretaker for Mother Ella Jumbo, the circus' pregnant Asian elephant. ![]() The circus has run into financial troubles Medici reveals he was forced to sell his stable of horses after Holt's wife and co-performer, Annie, died from the Spanish flu outbreak. ![]() In 1919 Sarasota, Florida, equestrian performer and World War I amputee Holt Farrier returns after the war to his previous employer, the Medici Brothers' Circus, run by Max Medici. The film grossed $353 million worldwide against a $170 million budget and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised its ambition but criticized its lack of emotional depth and Nico Parker and Finley Hobbins’ performances. It was the first of five live-action adaptations of prior animated Disney films released in 2019, along with Aladdin, The Lion King, Maleficent: Mistress of Evil, and Lady and the Tramp.ĭumbo premiered in Los Angeles on March 11, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on March 29, 2019. ![]() ![]() Most of the cast signed on for the feature in March 2017 and principal photography lasted from July to November 2017 in England. Plans for a live-action film adaptation of Dumbo were announced in 2014, and Burton was confirmed as director in March 2015. It is a live-action adaptation and reimagining of Walt Disney's 1941 animated feature film of the same name, which is based on the novel by Helen Aberson and Harold Pearl, the film stars Colin Farrell, Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Eva Green and Alan Arkin, and follows a family that works at a failing traveling circus as they encounter a baby elephant with extremely large ears who is capable of flying. Dumbo is a 2019 American fantasy period adventure film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay written by Ehren Kruger. ![]() ![]() They resumed stamping the date code on the barrel on 10/1/01. They continued to mark the date code on the end flap of the shipping box. On 8/9/99, stopped stamping the barrels with the date code. Here are the pictures below at the link provided. One needs to be sure that the barrel is original to the gun before trusting the Barrel Code listing, above. Its bbl is now 18' cyl (formerly a 30' Full). model 870 12 ga Vent rib wingmaster, and am curious as to the born date. Using these barrel codes to date a shotgun is somewhat unreliable, as shotgun barrels are often interchanged at random. For a long time Remington 870s serial numbers were located on the barrel but not the receiver. Not T1970 if the barrel code was reversed, as you observed that T does not appear in 'BLACKPOWDERX'. The barrel dates it to 1972 and it has what appears to be a serial number on it. A search finds that Lou Rockwell has written, 'By 1966, the company had sold one million 870 shotguns.' (Per Wikipedia, Remington reached two million 870 guns by 1973.) So 1966-1967 is about when your gun was manufactured. ![]() Using barrel codes (such as those listed above) to date the manufacture are reliable on Remington rifles, as the company rarely changed barrels on a customer’s rifle. I recently acquired an older 870 Wingmaster Magnum. Serial Numbers by date (factory record book)Ī few other serial lists… NO A LOT LOOK HERE! B – Jan 1950: Remington introduced fifteen versions of the Model 870 shotgun, in 12, 16 and 20 gauges, including: Model 870 AP Standard Grade shotgun (for 69.95), the Model 870 BC Special Grade shotgun (for 81.45), the Model 870 ADL Deluxe Grade shotgun (for 79.95), the Model 870 BDL Deluxe Special Grade shotgun (for 91. – K – P – O – W – D – E – R – X Barrel Code Location Diagram Months of the year, for example B=January, L= February Near the frame that identifies the year and month of You can always use Remington Serial Number Lookup to find out manufacture date of your Remington firearm. For normal 870s though, a 1975 serial number should start with the letter 'T', while a 2005 serial number should start with either 'D' or 'AB'. They don't carry the price premium they should, because they are not "new" I suspect.Have a code located on the left side of the barrel As Virginian said, the serial number prefix will say for sure - unless your gun is some extra-special 870 edition with a non-standard serial. They say it's like it runs on ball bearings and I think that's accurate. The 31's was arguably the smoothest pumping pump gun ever built. If you do go for the 870, the police and Wingmasters versions are a better version alternatives, certainly the older ones are as good, perhaps better (according to about everyone), than the new ones. If you are thinking of getting a pump 12 ga, you won't do better than an old used Model 31. However, the Model 31 is a much better shotgun and they couldn't come close to reproducing it with today's costs for anywhere near what it would cost to make. It is recommended to consult with firearms experts or use online resources specialized in firearm valuation to get a more accurate estimate. They needed to get the costs down to compete, so they did the usual things, figured out how to cut corners, eliminate hand gunsmithing and shave costs by making a cheaper version and they hit a home run with the 870. The value of your Remington 870 Wingmaster 12 gauge shotgun can vary depending on its condition, age, any unique features, and the current market demand. As an aside for people looking for amazing price to performance ratio: Remington made something called a Model 31 that predated the 870. |
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